PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Faveri J.C., Murakami A.E., Potença A., Eyng C., Marques A.F.Q. & Santos T.C. 2015. [Performance and morphology of the intestinal mucosa of broilers during growth, with or without nucleotides, at different protein levels.] Desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte na fase de crescimento, com e sem adição de nucleotídeos na dieta, em diferentes níveis protéicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(3):291-296. Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: jufaveri@yahoo.com.br The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and intestinal morphology of growing broilers, with and without addition of nucleotides in the diet at different protein levels. A total of 868 21-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design. The diets were: control with high crude protein (18.86%) and low crude protein (16.80%), both without nucleotides, meeting the requirement of 1.062% digestible lysine; and five treatments with the addition of 0.5 kg of nucleotides/ton of feed, with different levels of digestible lysine (1.262%, 1.162%, 1.062%, 0962% and 0.862%), all formulated based on the low-protein diet (16.80%), with four replications each. Feed intake (g) decreased linearly (P≤0.05) in the period from 20 to 27, 20 to 35, and 20 to 42 days of age; feed intake decreased by increasing levels of lysine in the diet. Feed-to-gain ratio showed a quadratic effect (P≤0.05) for birds of the period from 20 to 27, 20 to 35 and 20 to 42 days of age, decreasing as levels of digestible lysine increased, with minimum levels reaching 1.119%, 1.187% and 1.132% digestible lysine, respectively. The diet with 1.062% of lysine did not differ (P>0.05) from the negative control for villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum.

• Intestinal mucosa protein nucleotides mucosa intestinal nucleotídeos proteína ideal

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Faveri J.C., Murakami A.E., Potença A., Eyng C., Marques A.F.Q. & Santos T.C. 2015. [Performance and morphology of the intestinal mucosa of broilers during growth, with or without nucleotides, at different protein levels.] Desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte na fase de crescimento, com e sem adição de nucleotídeos na dieta, em diferentes níveis protéicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(3):291-296. Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: jufaveri@yahoo.com.br O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho e a morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte na fase de crescimento, com e sem adição de nucleotídeos na dieta, em diferentes níveis proteicos. Foram utilizados 868 pintos de cortes machos de 21 dias de idade, da linhagem Cobb, submetidos a um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram compostas por dois controles, de alta e baixa proteína bruta, com 18,86% e 16,80% respectivamente, com a exigência de 1,062% de lisina digestível. Tendo como base a dieta controle de baixa proteína foram traçados mais cinco tratamentos com adição de 0,5 kg de nucleotídeos/ton de ração, e diferentes níveis de lisina digestível: 1,262%, 1,162%, 1,062%, 0962% e 0,862%, com quatro repetições cada. O consumo alimentar (g) diminuiu linearmente (P≤0,05) no período de 20 a 27, de 20 a 35 e de 20 a 42 dias de idade, em que aumentando os níveis de lisina digestível na dieta, observou-se diminuição no consumo de ração. A conversão alimentar teve efeito quadrático (P≤0,05) para as aves do período de 20 a 27, de 20 a 35 e de 20 a 42 dias de idade, diminuindo à medida que os níveis de lisina digestível aumentaram, atingindo o mínimo com 1,119, 1,187 e 1,132% de lisina digestível, respectivamente. A dieta com 1,062% de lisina digestível não diferiu (P>0.05) da dieta controle com alta proteína, para altura das vilosidades e profundidade de cripta, no duodeno, ilustrando então efeito benéfico do uso de nucleotídeos em dietas com baixa proteína bruta.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Guerra A.F.Q.G., Murakami A.E., Santos T.C., Eyng C., Picoli K.P. & Ospina-Rojas I.C. 2014. [Use of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in broiler feed on immunological parameters and intestinal morphometry.] Utilização da vitamina D3 e seus metabólitos na alimentação de frangos de corte sobre parâmetros imunológicos e morfometria intestinal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(5):477-484. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different vitamin D metabolites on immune response and intestine morphometry of broiler chickens. We used 952 1-day-old chicks, male Cobb, distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments, seven replications and 34 birds each. There were evaluated four different metabolites of vitamin D: D3, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1&#945;(OH)D3, providing 2000 and 1600 IU/kg feed of vitamin D in initial and growth period, respectively. The different metabolites of vitamin D did not affect the relative weight of the organs except for the weight of the intestine and liver at 21 and 42 days. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) of the different metabolites of D3 vitamin on the villi length of jejunum and ileum at 7 days, between animals fed with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1&#945;(OH)D3 to the jejunum and 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin D3 to the ileum (P<0.05). There were no differences (P>0.05) for weight of lymphoid organs, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reaction, macrophage activity assessment, measurement of nitric oxide and heterophil profile: lymphocyte. The different sources of vitamin D affect the intestine morphometrics on the villi length in the initial phase, but the effect was not observed in other phases. The immunological parameters were not affected by metabolites of vitamin D.

• Vitamin D3 cholecalciferol vitamina D3 colecalciferol

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO- Guerra A.F.Q.G., Murakami A.E., Santos T.C., Eyng C., Picoli K.P. & Ospina-Rojas I.C. 2014. [Use of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in broiler feed on immunological parameters and intestinal morphometry.] Utilização da vitamina D3 e seus metabólitos na alimentação de frangos de corte sobre parâmetros imunológicos e morfometria intestinal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(5):477-484. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br Os efeitos da suplementação da vitamina D3 e de seus diferentes metabólitos foram avaliados na resposta imune e na morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 952 frangos de corte de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, sete repetições e 34 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatros diferentes fontes de vitamina D3: colecalciferol (D3), 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihidroxicolecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) e 1&#945;–hidroxicolecalciferol (1&#945;(OH)D3). As diferentes fontes foram incluídas na dieta, fornecendo 2000 e 1600 UI de vitamina D, nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e de crescimento, respectivamente. O peso relativo do intestino delgado diferiu entre os tratamentos aos 7, 21 e 42 dias e o peso relativo do fígado somente aos 42 dias de idade. Os demais órgãos e parâmetros imunológicos avaliados (peso dos órgãos linfóides, reação de hipersensibilidade cutânea basofílica, avaliação da atividade de macrófagos, dosagem de nitrito e perfil heterofilo: linfócito foram similares entre os animais alimentados com os diferentes metabólitos. Houve efeito (P<0,05) dos diferentes metabólitos da vitamina D3 sobre o comprimento dos vilos de jejuno e íleo aos sete dias, diferindo entre os animais alimentados com 1,25(OH)2D3 e 1&#945;(OH)D3 para jejuno e 1,25(OH)2D3 e vitamina D3 para íleo (P<0,05). Para as demais fases não foi observado influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos. Os parâmetros imunológicos não foram afetados pelos diferentes metabólitos de vitamina D. Os diferentes metabólitos de vitamina D afetaram positivamente a morfometria intestinal na altura de vilo na fase inicial, sendo os melhores resultados obtido pelos animais alimentados com 1,25(OH)2D3, contudo os parâmetros imunológicos foram similares entre os metabólitos estudados.

Abstract in English:

Meat- and egg-type quails were analyzed to determine reproductive development, puberty and the onset of senility. For this purpose, 288 quails (144 meat- and 144 egg-type quails) were followed from hatch to 360 days old. The birds were distributed by age in 18 groups, 8 quails/group/type of quail. After 35 days quails were maintained under long daylength conditions (17L: 7D). The live weight and the macro and microscopical testicular characteristics were determined in each period. The data were analyzed to determine the growth curve and the behavior of parameters. The model that best fits the data was the non-linear Gompertz model (Y = A exp [-B and (-kt)]). Live weight and testicular morphometric parameters had an allometric behavior among themselves, and at approximately 60 days the males had sexually development, and body weight stabilized at about 100 days. The right testicle was more cranial than the left, differing in the length and width, but no difference in testicular weight (P>0.05) was observed. The meat quails had a larger body weight and testicular weight than the egg quails, but the egg-quail had a higher percentage of testes in relation to body weight. During the whole adult period the males could be considered sexually fit. Breeders had active sex characteristics until 360 days of age, represented by testicular size and by cellular activity in the seminiferous tubules.

• Quail testicles seminiferous tubules Gompertz

Abstract in Portuguese:

Codornas do tipo carne e tipo ovos foram analisadas para determinar o desenvolvimento reprodutivo, a puberdade e o início da senilidade. Para tal, 288 codornas (144 codornas de corte e 144 de postura) foram acompanhadas desde a eclosão até os 360 dias de idade. As aves foram distribuídas por idade em 18 grupos, sendo 8 codornas/grupo/tipo de codorna. Após 35 dias as codornas foram mantidas em condições de fotoperíodo de dias longos (17luz: 7escuro). O peso vivo e os valores morfométricos e histológicos testiculares foram determinados em cada período. Os dados obtidos foram analisados para determinar a curva de crescimento e o comportamento dos parâmetros analisados. O modelo que mais se adequou aos dados foi o modelo não linear de Gompertz (Y=A exp [-B e (-kt)]). O peso vivo e as características testiculares macro e microscópicas apresentaram comportamento alométrico entre si, sendo que, aproximadamente aos 60 dias os machos apresentaram-se sexualmente desenvolvidos, e estabilizaram o peso corporal por volta dos 100 dias. O testículo direito é mais cranial que o esquerdo e diferem em relação a comprimento e largura, porém não foi observada diferenças (P>0,05) para peso testicular. As codornas de corte apresentaram peso corporal e peso testicular maiores que as codornas de postura, porém as codornas de postura apresentaram peso relativo testicular maior. Durante todo o período analisado os machos puderam ser considerados sexualmente aptos. Os reprodutores apresentaram características sexuais ativas até os 360 dias de idade, representadas pelo tamanho testicular e pela atividade celular nos túbulos seminíferos.

• Codornas testículos túbulos seminíferos Gompertz

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br The effects of starter diet (days 1 to 21) supplemented with arginine (Arg) on the production performance and duodenum and jejunum mucosa morphometry of broilers were studied. Male Cobb broiler chickens (990) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments in a complete random design. Measurements of 33 chicks per treatment were made in six repetitions. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 1.390% digestible Arg (no supplementation) and four dietary levels (1.490%, 1.590%, 1.690%, and 1.790%), providing a relationship with lysine of 1.103; 1.183; 1.262; 1.341 and 1.421%, respectively. From the age of 22 days on, all birds received conventional grower diet. The data were submitted to regression analysis by polynomial decomposition of the degrees of freedom in relation to the levels of Arg. The Arg supplementation increased (P<0.05) the live weight and the feed conversion ratio without increasing the feed intake of the birds. However, no effect was observed (P>0.05) in the growth phase (days 22 to 42) in the absence of the Arg supplementation. The supplementation of Arg over of NRC recommendation during the starter phase may be necessary for the expression of the maximal weight gain potential in birds. No effect (P<0.05) of Arg dietary supplementation was observed either on small intestine weight and length at any age. However, the duodenum villus:crypt ratio increased and the crypt depth decreased in the first week in response to increasing dietary Arg. It is concluded that broiler Arg dietary supplementation in the starter diet improved production performance and small intestine morphometry, especially in the first week.

• Amino acids arginine aminoácidos arginina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br O efeito na dieta inicial (1-21 dias) da suplementação de arginina (Arg) foi estudada sobre o desempenho e a morfologia da mucosa do jejuno em frangos de corte. Pintos machos Cobb (990) foram utilizados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições com 33 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta basal com 1,390% de Arg digestível (sem suplementação) e 4 dietas com adição (1,490%; 1,590%; 1,690% e 1,790%), fornecendo uma relação de lisina de 1,103; 1,183; 1,262; 1,341 e 1,421%, respectivamente. A partir de 22 dias todas as aves receberam ração convencional. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão pela decomposição polinomial dos graus de liberdade, referentes aos níveis de Arg A suplementação de Arg melhorou (P<0,05) o peso vivo e a conversão alimentar sem aumentar o consumo de ração. No entanto, não houve efeito (P>0,05) na fase de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) na ausência de suplementação de Arg. A suplementação acima do recomendado pelo NRC na fase inicial pode ser necessária para a expressão máxima do potencial de ganho de peso em aves. Não houve efeito da suplementação de Arg na dieta no peso e comprimento do intestino delgado em nenhuma idade. No entanto, a relação vilo:cripta no duodeno aumentou e a profundidade da cripta diminuiu na primeira semana em resposta ao incremento de Arg na dieta. Concluiu-se que em frangos de corte a suplementação de Arg na dieta inicial melhorou o desempenho e a morfometria do intestino delgado, especialmente na primeira semana.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos T.C., Sousa, J.A., Oliveira M.F., Santos J.M., Parizzi R.C. & Miglino M.A. 2011. [Morphology of the male genital organs and cloaca of Rhea americana americana.] Morfologia dos órgãos genitais masculinos e da cloaca da ema (Rhea americana americana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):430-440. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: tcsantos@uem.br The rhea (Rhea americana americana) is a bird that belongs to the group of the Ratitas, order Rheiforme and family Rheidae. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the male genital organ (testes, epididymis, deferent ducts, and phallus) and the cloaca were analyzed in 23 emas, four chicken (2 weeks old), young (3 to 10 months old), and twelve adult ones (3 years old), from Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS and from CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. The testis of rhea had elongated shape and were located inside coelomatic cavity, in dorsal region of abdominal cavity, with medium length and width of 7.6±1.2cm and 2.6±0.7cm at adult animals; 4.5±1.5cm and 0.9±0.4cm at young animals; and 0.8±0.3cm, and 0.2±0.1cm at chicken. The testis were recovered by the tunica albuginea and its parenchyma had seminiferous tubules composed by spermatogenic epithelium and by sustentation cells, and also interstitial tissue, with interstitial endocrine cells, connective tissue and vessels. At the adult animals were observed all the cells from spermatogenic lineage, whilst at the youngs with 3 months the seminiferous tubules had a smale lumen with spermatogonia and undifferentiated sustentacular cells. The efferents ductus were composed by a cubic ciliated epithelium, while the epididimydis duct had a columnar epithelium. The epididymis was elongated and fusiform closely to medial testis board. The deferent duct had sinuous stretch at adult animals, rectilineae at young animal, convolute at its medium portion, decreasing its sigmoid shape at caudal portion, next to cloaca. The epithelium was pseudostratified ciliated, irregular lumen at adult animal, and circular at young animal, closely with urether. The cloaca was divided into three segments: coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum. At urodeum the deferent ducts discharged into papillas at the ventral side wall, next to fibrous phallus’s insertion. The phallus was a lymphatic fibrous organ, located at ventral wall, at the cloaca floor, and was composed by two portions: one rigid forked and twisted, and another simple spiraled and flexible, which normally was inverted. In forced exposition, the phallus had 14 cm in length. In a general way the Rhea genital organs shared the morphology from others birds, mainly those described to the ostrich.

• Genital organs ratite testis epididymis deferent duct phallus Rhea americana americana cloaca Órgãos genitais testículo epidídimo ducto deferente falo ema

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Santos T.C., Sousa, J.A., Oliveira M.F., Santos J.M., Parizzi R.C. & Miglino M.A. 2011. [Morphology of the male genital organs and cloaca of Rhea americana americana.] Morfologia dos órgãos genitais masculinos e da cloaca da ema (Rhea americana americana). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(5):430-440. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: tcsantos@uem.br As características morfológicas, macroscópicas e microscópicas, dos órgãos genitais masculinos e da cloaca foram analisados em 23 emas, quatro filhotes (duas semanas), sete jovens (de três a oito meses) e doze adultos (três anos), provenientes da Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS, e do CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. Os testículos da ema possuem formato alongado e localizam-se na cavidade celomática, na região intra-abdominal dorsal, com comprimento e larguras médias de 7,6±1,2cm e 2,6± 0,7cm nos adultos; 4,5±1,5cm e 0,9±0,4cm nos jovens; e 0,8±0,3cm, e 0,2±0,1cm nos filhotes. O testículo está envolto pela túnica albugínea e seu parênquima possui túbulos seminíferos irregulares, compostos por epitélio espermatogênico e por células de sustentação, e pelo tecido intersticial, com as células endócrinas intersticiais, tecido conjuntivo frouxo e vasos. Nos adultos observaram-se todas as células da linhagem espermatogênica, enquanto nos jovens com 3 meses, os testículos apresentaram túbulos seminíferos com luz reduzidas, espermatogônias e células de sustentação indiferenciadas. Os ductos eferentes possuem um epitélio cúbico ciliado, enquanto no ducto epididimário o epitélio é columnar. O epidídimo apresentou-se alongado e fusiforme junto a margem medial do testículo. O ducto deferentes apresentou trajeto sinuoso nos adultos, retilíneo nos jovens, convoluto na sua porção média, diminuindo seu formato sigmóide em sua porção caudal, próximo à cloaca. O epitélio é pseudoestratificado e reveste a luz irregular nos adultos e circular nos jovens, mantendo proximidade com o ureter. A cloaca dividiu-se em três segmentos: o coprodeu, o urodeo e o proctodeo. No urodeu os ductos deferentes desembocaram em papilas na parede ventro-lateral, próximo a inserção do falo fibroso. O falo é um órgão fibroso linfático, localizado na parede ventral, no assoalho da cloaca, e apresentou duas porções: uma rígida bifurcada e contorcida, e outra simples espiralada e flexível, a qual normalmente esteve invertida. Em exposição forçada, o falo teve 14 cm de comprimento. De forma geral os órgãos reprodutores das emas compartilharam da morfologia de outras aves, principalmente aquelas descritas para os avestruzes.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferreira S.R., Murakami A.E., Siqueira T.G.V., Santos J.M.G., Potença A. & Santos T.C. 2009. [Cellular immune response and hematological parameters of broilers from different age broiler breeders, fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels.] Níveis crescentes de parede de levedura sobre a resposta imune celular e perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):725-730, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect increasing levels of yeast wall and broiler breeders’ age levels on lymphoid organs weight, cellular immune response and hematological parameters in broilers. A total of 3,360 Cobb broilers were allotted, in a completely randomized design and a 2x5 factorial arrangement, and two controls, compound of two broiler breeders age (34 and 57 weeks of age) and five yeast wall levels (zero, one, two, three and four kg of yeast wall/ton of diet). Broiler breeders’ age affected all studied variables. The inclusion of 3kg of yeast wall/ton of meal increased, at 57 weeks age broiler breeders, more intense inflammatory reaction when compared to control diet; however the circulated heterophils and lymphocytes numbers were not increased. In conclusion, the use of yeast wall, associated or not to sorghum on broilers diet still needs complementary studies, for example, purified components of yeast wall (MOS and ß-glucano).

• Yeast wall levedura

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ferreira S.R., Murakami A.E., Siqueira T.G.V., Santos J.M.G., Potença A. & Santos T.C. 2009. [Cellular immune response and hematological parameters of broilers from different age broiler breeders, fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels.] Níveis crescentes de parede de levedura sobre a resposta imune celular e perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):725-730, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de parede de levedura e idade das matrizes reprodutoras sobre o peso dos órgãos linfóides, a resposta imune celular e o perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 3.360 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, mais dois controles, sendo duas idades de matrizes (34 e 57 semanas de idade) e cinco níveis de suplementação de parede de levedura (zero, um, dois, três e quatro kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração). A idade das matrizes influenciou a resposta de todas as variáveis. A inclusão de 3kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração promoveu, na progênie de reprodutoras de 57 semanas, reação inflamatória mais intensa quando comparada a dieta controle, no entanto não houve aumento significativo no número de heterófilos e linfócitos circulantes. Conclui-se que a utilização da parede de levedura associada ao sorgo ou não em rações de frangos de corte ainda necessita de estudos complementares, que incluam, por exemplo, os componentes purificados da parede de levedura (MOS e ß-glucano).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos T.C., Ferrari C.C., Menconi A., Maia M.O., Bombonato P.P. & Pereira C.C.H. 2009. [Veins from hepatic portal vein system in domestic geese.] Veias do sistema porta-hepático em gansos domésticos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):327-332. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The intraparenchymal distribution of the hepatic portal veins in 30 domestic geese were studied. Stained Neoprene latex was injected into the isquiatic vessels, and the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde by immersion and intramuscular injection. The liver of geese was composed of a large right and a smaller left hepatic lobe, connected by a parenchyma bridge. The right hepatic lobe had vessels exclusively from the hepatic portal system composed by intraparenchymal distribution of the right hepatic portal vein, while the vessels of the left hepatic lobe came from the right hepatic portal vein and from small left hepatic portal veins. The right hepatic portal vein emitted the right caudal branch, which emitted a small right caudolateral branch and a large right caudomedial branch. Cranially this vein emitted right cranial and right lateral branches. The tranverse portion of the right hepatic portal vein crossed to the left hepatic lobe, emitting 1 to 6 small cranial and caudal branches to the medial area of the liver. In the left hepatic lobe, the left branch from the right hepatic vein emitted the left cranial, left lateral and left median branches. One to six left hepatic portal veins were identified arising from the left branch or from the transverse portion of the right hepatic portal vein. These vessels arose from the gizzard and pro-ventricle. In 40% of geese one proper hepatic portal vein originated from venous vessels of the gizzard and was distributed into the caudal extremity of the left hepatic isolated lobe.

• Morphology hepatic portal vein liver geese

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Santos T.C., Ferrari C.C., Menconi A., Maia M.O., Bombonato P.P. & Pereira C.C.H. 2009. [Veins from hepatic portal vein system in domestic geese.] Veias do sistema porta-hepático em gansos domésticos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):327-332. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The intraparenchymal distribution of the hepatic portal veins in 30 domestic geese were studied. Stained Neoprene latex was injected into the isquiatic vessels, and the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde by immersion and intramuscular injection. The liver of geese was composed of a large right and a smaller left hepatic lobe, connected by a parenchyma bridge. The right hepatic lobe had vessels exclusively from the hepatic portal system composed by intraparenchymal distribution of the right hepatic portal vein, while the vessels of the left hepatic lobe came from the right hepatic portal vein and from small left hepatic portal veins. The right hepatic portal vein emitted the right caudal branch, which emitted a small right caudolateral branch and a large right caudomedial branch. Cranially this vein emitted right cranial and right lateral branches. The tranverse portion of the right hepatic portal vein crossed to the left hepatic lobe, emitting 1 to 6 small cranial and caudal branches to the medial area of the liver. In the left hepatic lobe, the left branch from the right hepatic vein emitted the left cranial, left lateral and left median branches. One to six left hepatic portal veins were identified arising from the left branch or from the transverse portion of the right hepatic portal vein. These vessels arose from the gizzard and pro-ventricle. In 40% of geese one proper hepatic portal vein originated from venous vessels of the gizzard and was distributed into the caudal extremity of the left hepatic isolated lobe.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Watanabe I., Guimarães J.P., Boleta S.A., Almeida S.R.Y., Righeti M.M., Santos T.C., Miglino M.A. & Kfoury Junior J.R. 2009. Nerve endings of filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae of dorsal tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary: Neurohistological observations. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):281-285. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: watanabe@icb.usp.br The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sections of 40mm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30oC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.

• Lingual papillae tongue sensory innervation silver impregnation White-lipped peccary Pecari tajacu

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Watanabe I., Guimarães J.P., Boleta S.A., Almeida S.R.Y., Righeti M.M., Santos T.C., Miglino M.A. & Kfoury Junior J.R. 2009. Nerve endings of filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae of dorsal tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary: Neurohistological observations. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):281-285. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: watanabe@icb.usp.br The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sections of 40mm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30oC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Santos T.C., Freiberger S., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [The dynamic of precursor of the olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs: an immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural study.] Dinâmica dos precursores celulares do epitélio olfatório de cães sem raça definida: um estudo imunohistoquímico e ultra-estrutural. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9): 388-392. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Olfactory epithelium presents a mechanism of differentiation where stem cells give arise to amplifying progenitor cell which express Mammalian Achaete Scute Homolog 1 (Mash1). These cells can be differentiated into olfactory receptors. An immunolocalization study and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs were made using 3 males (one year old) and 2 females (three years old). Labeled cells with positive staining by Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in specific areas of the olfactory epithelium, especially above the basal membrane. The ultrastructure revealed cells adjacent to the basal membrane with morphology resembling sustentacular cells, supporting the idea of renewal of sustentacular and olfactory sensorial cells. Olfactory epithelium contains basal cells committed to self-renewal, characterized by high metabolic activity, identified by positive reaction to PCNA. These results suggested the renewal of sustentacular and sensorial olfactory cells through the same pathway.

• Olfactory epithelium basal cells precursor cells PCNA method

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Santos T.C., Freiberger S., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2007. [The dynamic of precursor of the olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs: an immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural study.] Dinâmica dos precursores celulares do epitélio olfatório de cães sem raça definida: um estudo imunohistoquímico e ultra-estrutural. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9): 388-392. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Olfactory epithelium presents a mechanism of differentiation where stem cells give arise to amplifying progenitor cell which express Mammalian Achaete Scute Homolog 1 (Mash1). These cells can be differentiated into olfactory receptors. An immunolocalization study and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of olfactory epithelium of mongrel dogs were made using 3 males (one year old) and 2 females (three years old). Labeled cells with positive staining by Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in specific areas of the olfactory epithelium, especially above the basal membrane. The ultrastructure revealed cells adjacent to the basal membrane with morphology resembling sustentacular cells, supporting the idea of renewal of sustentacular and olfactory sensorial cells. Olfactory epithelium contains basal cells committed to self-renewal, characterized by high metabolic activity, identified by positive reaction to PCNA. These results suggested the renewal of sustentacular and sensorial olfactory cells through the same pathway.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Iturrizaga D.M., Verechia F.T., Santos T.C., Bombonato P.P., Teixeira D.G. & Miglino M.A. 2007. The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):221-228. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: miglino@usp.br Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation) were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy) and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5mm) were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl´s. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl´s, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.

• Placenta llama trophoblast uteroferrin ephiteliochorial morphology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Iturrizaga D.M., Verechia F.T., Santos T.C., Bombonato P.P., Teixeira D.G. & Miglino M.A. 2007. The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):221-228. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: miglino@usp.br Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation) were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy) and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5mm) were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl´s. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl´s, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.